Colloidal Solutions
A colloidal solution is a mixture in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid.
Properties of colloids and their variation are a well-known area ever since the primitive age. The best example to prove their familiarity with us is that we know from very early times that coagulation of milk results in the formation of curd.
- Classified into: Foam, Emulsion, Sol
Tyndall Effect
Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or else particles in a very fine suspension.
- e.g.It can be observed when sunlight passes through the canopy of a dense forest.
Dispersed Phase
The solute-like component of the dispersed particles in a colloid form the dispersed phase.
Dispersion Medium
The component in which the dispersed phase is suspended is known as the dispersing medium.
Aerosol
A colloidal solution with dispersed phase solid/liquid and dispersing medium gas is called Aerosol. e.g. clouds
Foam
A colloidal solution with dispersed phase gas and dispersing medium solid/liquid is called Foam. e.g.Shaving cream.
Sols
A colloidal solution with dispersed phase solid and dispersing medium liquid is called Sol. e.g. Milk of magnesia, mud.
Gels and Emulsions
- A colloidal solution with dispersed phase liquid and dispersing medium solid is called Gel.
- A colloidal solution with dispersed phase liquid and dispersing medium liquid is called Emulsion.
Emulsion and gel are two distinct chemical compounds. A gel is a semisolid substance, but an emulsion is a liquid, which is the main distinction between the two. Nevertheless, depending on their intended use, some emulsions can exist in a semisolid condition. Fruit jellies, a gelatinous substance, creams, etc.
Evaporation
The process of conversion of water into water vapour is known as evaporation.
Examples:
Clothes drying in the sun.
Tea and other hot liquids are cooled down.
Dry Floors
Ice cubes melting
- It can be used to separate the volatile component (solvent) from its non-volatile solute.
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