Concentration of Solutions

 

Concentration of Solutions

The amount of solute that has dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution is measured as solution concentration. A concentrated solution is one that has a significant amount of dissolved solute in it. A diluted solution is one that has a small amount of dissolved solute in it.

Solubility

Unsaturated solutions, on the other hand, are those that contain less solute than the maximum that can be dissolved. A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum quantity of solute that can be dissolved. The amount of a solute that dissolves in a solvent is known as its solubility. The majority of solutes become more soluble when the solvent’s temperature rises.

• Solubility is the property showing the ability of a given substance, which is the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
• It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium.
• The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
• Factors Affecting Solubility: 
• Temperature –  Solubility increases with temperature. The situation is different for gases. With the increase in temperature, they became less soluble in each other and in water but more soluble in organic solvents.
• Pressure – For the majority of solid and liquid solutes, pressure does not affect solubility. The solubility of gas is directly proportional to the pressure of this gas.

Types of Solutions based on the Concentration of the Solution

There are 2 main types of solutions based on the definition. A dilute Solution is a solution that contains a small amount of solute. A concentrated Solution is a solution that contains a lot of solutes.

• Three types of solutions exist based on the concentration of the solution:

Dilute

Concentrated

saturated solution.

Ways of Representing the Concentration of a Solution

The concentration of a solution can be represented in many ways

(i) Mass by the mass percentage of a solution = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100

(ii) Mass by volume percentage of a solution = (Mass of solute/ volume of solution)×100

For example, if a solution of NaCl in water is said to be 10 % by volume that means a 100 ml solution will contain 10 ml NaCl.