What Is Density?
Density is the amount of mass in a unit volume of matter; every substance has a different density, to understand the idea of density, let’s conduct an experiment; we will need a tall glass cup, honey, water, coconut oil, and food colouring,
Step1: Pour a one-quarter cup of honey,
Step2: Pour a one-quarter cup of coloured water gently on top of the honey.
Step3: pour a one-quarter cup of coconut oil on top of the colored water.
Notice how the different liquids from different layers, why is it so? The different substance has a different density, which means for the same volume different substances weigh differently, as they weigh differently heavier substances tend to settle at the bottom, like honey and lighter material like oil tend to float at the top.
What Is Relative Density?
The difference between the specific gravity and density is that at room temperature and pressure, 1gram per 1 cubic cm is the density of water this density is treated as a standard and the density of any other material (usual liquids) is calculated relative to this is called relative density or specific gravity.
Hence, specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to that of a reference substance, let’s consider the density of honey is approx. 1.42 grams/cm3, so its specific gravity would be 1.42/1 = 1.42. Notice that specific gravity is a ratio, therefore specific gravity does not have a unit, and hence specific gravity is a dimensionless physical quantity.
The specific gravity of a substance will let us know if it will float or sink, it gives us the idea about relative mass or relative density. If the specific gravity of a substance is below 1 then it will float and if it is greater than 1 it will sink.
Let’s extend our experiment further for more liquids, this time, we will use several liquids with different specific gravities, use the table given below for reference.
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Win
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