The term potential energy was introduced by the 19th-century Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine. There are several types of potential energy, each associated with a distinct type of force. It is the energy by an object’s position relative to other objects. In this article, let us learn what is potential energy, potential energy definition along with various examples and types.
What is Potential Energy?
As we know, an object can store energy due to its position. In the case of a bow and an arrow, when the bow is drawn, it stores some amount of energy, which is responsible for the kinetic energy it gains when released.
Similarly, in the case of a spring, when it is displaced from its equilibrium position, it gains some amount of energy which we observe in the form of stress we feel in our hands upon stretching it. We can define potential energy as a form of energy that results from the alteration of its position or state.
After understanding potential energy and potential energy definition, let us learn the formula, unit, and examples of potential energy.
In this article, let us learn potential energy examples in detail.
Potential Energy Formula
The formula for potential energy depends on the force acting on the two objects. For the gravitational force, the formula is:
Where,
- m is the mass in kilograms
- g is the acceleration due to gravity
- h is the height in meters
Potential Energy Unit
Gravitational potential energy has the same units as kinetic energy: kg m2 / s2
Note: All energy has the same units – kg m2 / s2, and is measured using the unit Joule (J).
- For more information on potential and kinetic energy, watch the below videos:
Potential Energy Examples
Stones sitting on an edge of a cliff possess potential energy. The potential energy will be converted if the stones fall to kinetic energy.
Tree branches high up the tree have potential energy because they can fall to the ground.
The food that we eat has chemical potential energy. Our body digests this potential energy and provides the necessary energy for bodily functions.
The chemical potential energy of a firecracker is released when the fuse of the firecracker is lit.
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