SONAR – Sound Navigation And Ranging.
It is a technique that uses sound or ultrasonic waves to measure distance. The human range of hearing is 20Hz- 20kHz.
What Are Ultrasonic Sounds?
Ultrasonic sounds are high-frequency sounds having a frequency greater than 20kHz (inaudible range).
Applications of Ultrasound
(i) Scanning images of human organs
(ii) Detecting cracks in metal blocks
(iii) Cleaning parts that are hard to reach
(iv) Navigating, communicating or detecting objects on or under the surface of the water (SONAR).
Sonar consists of a transmitter and detector mounted on a boat or ship. The transmitter sends ultrasonic sound waves to the seabed, which get reflected back and picked up by the detector. Knowing the speed of sound in water, distance can be measured using: 2d=v×t. This method is called echolocation or echo ranging.
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