The terms velocity and speed give us an idea of how fast or slow an object is moving. Quite often, we come across situations where we need to identify which of the two or more objects is moving faster. One can easily tell the faster of the two if they are moving in the same direction on the same road. However, if their direction of motion is in the opposite direction, then it is difficult to determine the fastest. In such cases, the concept of velocity is helpful. In this article, let us learn the velocity meaning, the unit of velocity, the example of velocity, and the difference between speed and velocity.
Velocity Meaning
According to the velocity meaning, it can be defined as the rate of change of the object’s position with respect to a frame of reference and time. It might sound complicated, but velocity is basically speeding in a specific direction. It is a vector quantity, which means we need both magnitude (speed) and direction to define velocity. The SI unit of it is metre per second (ms-1). If there is a change in magnitude or the direction of the velocity of a body, then it is said to be accelerating.
Initial and Final Velocity
Initial velocity describes how fast an object travels when gravity first applies force on the object. On the other hand, the final velocity is a vector quantity that measures the speed and direction of a moving body after it has reached its maximum acceleration.
How to find the final velocity?
Finding the final velocity is simple, with a few calculations and basic conceptual knowledge.
- Determine the object’s original velocity by dividing the time it took for the object to travel a given distance by the total distance. In the equation V = d/t, V is the velocity, d is the distance, and t is the time.
- Determine the object’s acceleration by dividing the object’s mass by force and multiply the answer by the time it took for it to accelerate. For example, if the object weighs 30 kg and has a force of 15 N applied to it, then the acceleration would be 4 m/s.
- Add the quantity obtained from Step 1 and Step 2 to obtain the final velocity. For example, if your initial velocity was 3 m/s and your object acceleration is 4 m/s, your final velocity is 7 m/s (3 + 4 = 7).
Constant Velocity
Motion with constant velocity is the simplest form of motion. We witness constant motion whenever an object slides over a horizontal, low-friction surface (when a puck slides over a hockey rink.)
The above graph is a graph of displacement versus time for a body moving with constant velocity. The straight line in the graph can be algebraically represented as follows:
Velocity Units
After learning the velocity meaning, let us know about the unit of velocity. The SI unit of velocity is m/s (m.s-1). Other units and dimensions of velocity are given in the table below.
Speed and Velocity
Speed and velocity can be a little confusing for most of us. Well, the difference between speed and velocity is that speed gives us an idea of how fast an object is moving, whereas velocity not only tells us its speed but also tells us the direction the body is moving in. We can define speed as a function of distance travelled, whereas velocity is a function of displacement. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of a body at any given time. Average velocity is the total displacement by total time and is given by v = △x/△t where ∆x is the total displacement of the body and ∆t is the time. Average velocity is always less than or equal to that of average speed; this is because displacement can never be higher than the distance travelled, but the distance travelled can be higher than that of displacement.
Example of Velocity
Let us learn the example of velocity after learning the meaning of velocity. To understand the concept of instantaneous velocity and average velocity, let’s take this example. Jewel goes to school in her dad’s car every morning. Her school is 8 km from her home, and she takes 15 mins to travel, but when she looks at the speedometer on the dashboard of the car, it shows a different reading all the time. So, now, how would she know her velocity?
Well, the average velocity of Jewel’s car could be found by:
For convenience, we have considered the car to move in a straight line, and we will convert all the units of time to hours. Therefore, 15 mins = 1560 = 0.25 hours.
Average velocity, v = △x/△t
v = 8 km/0.25 hrs
v = 32 km/h
Now we see that even though the car may vary its speed if it covers the same amount of distance in the same amount of time, every time, its average velocity will remain the same.
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