Introduction
We already discussed in the previous article (link here) that there is some relation between work done and energy. Now we will see the theorem that relates them. According to this theorem, the net work done on a body is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body. This is known as Work-Energy Theorem. It can be represented as:
Kf – Ki = W
Where Kf = Final kinetic energy
Ki = Initial kinetic energy
W = net work done
So the above equation follows the law of conservation of energy, according to which we can only transfer energy from one form to another. Also, here the work done is the work done by all forces acting on the body like gravity, friction, external force etc. For example, consider the following figure.
According to Work energy theorem,
Work done by all the forces = Change in Kinetic Energy
Wg + WN + Wf =Kf – Ki
Where Wg = work done by gravity
WN = work done by a normal force
Wf = work done by friction
Kf = final kinetic energy
Ki = initial kinetic energy
Work done by a constant force
A constant force will produce constant acceleration. Let the acceleration be ‘a’.
From the equation of motion,
v2 = u2 + 2as
2as = v2 – u2
Multiplying both sides with mass ‘m’
Comparing the above equation, we get,
Work done by force (F) = F.s
Where ‘s’ is the displacement of the body.
Work done by Non-Uniform Force
Now the equation,
W = F.ds
This is only valid when force remains constant throughout the displacement. Suppose we have a force represented below,
For these kinds of forces, we can assume that force remains constant for a very small displacement and then integrate that from the initial position to the final position.
This is work done by a variable force. A graphical approach to this would be finding the area between F(x) and x from xi to xf.
The shaded portion represents the work done by force F(x).
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